研究目的
介绍一种新型原位EEMS传感器系统("Kallemeter")的设计与现场应用,该系统用于评估天然水中的荧光有机质,并将其性能与商用FDOM传感器及实验室测量结果进行对比。
研究成果
“Kallemeter”是首个能够在原位生成完整激发-发射矩阵光谱的潜水式EEMS传感器系统。它成功检测到了特隆赫姆峡湾等高浓度环境中的FDOM梯度,并与商用传感器显示出良好相关性。然而,要实现更广泛应用,仍需在灵敏度、降噪和过滤方面进行改进。该系统标志着向海洋环境中生物地球化学过程的高分辨率光谱监测迈出了重要一步,具有集成到自主观测平台的潜力。
研究不足
'Kallemeter'的信噪比较低(S/N=34),相比实验室荧光分光光度计,其解析低浓度FDOM的能力受限。高噪声水平影响了PARAFAC分析,导致无法检测出所有组分(如类蛋白峰T)。该系统未配备0.2微米滤膜,因此信号中包含颗粒物,可能加剧噪声。内滤效应校正依赖于实验室吸光度测量,从而引入不确定性。每个样品的测量时间约为30分钟,比某些现代系统更慢。
1:实验设计与方法选择:
本研究设计了一套用于原位荧光测量的潜水式EEMS传感器系统("Kallemeter"),将其与集成于FerryBox系统的两种商用FDOM传感器(Cyclops-7-U和MatrixFlu-UV)进行对比,并采用紫外-可见荧光光谱仪对水样进行实验室EEM光谱分析。通过PARAFAC分析法识别光谱组分。
2:样本选择与数据来源:
在水文调查船(R/V Heincke HE491航次)航行期间采集特隆赫姆峡湾及邻近海域水样,取自近表层水域(0.1-2.0米深度)并过滤后用于实验室分析。
3:1-0米深度)并过滤后用于实验室分析。 实验设备与材料清单:
3. 实验设备与材料清单:"Kallemeter"EEMS传感器系统(含氙闪光灯、单色仪、光谱仪、流通池、浊度计、CTD)、搭载Cyclops-7-U和MatrixFlu-UV传感器的FerryBox系统、LS55荧光光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、过滤装置及参比标准品(如苏万尼河标准品)。
4:实验流程与操作规范:
"Kallemeter"以剖面测量和走航模式部署,自主采集EEM光谱;商用传感器提供连续流通数据。实验室样品经过滤后测量EEM光谱,并校正内滤效应和散射影响。对现场与实验室EEM数据集均进行PARAFAC建模。
5:数据分析方法:
包括传感器对比的线性回归分析、组分识别的PARAFAC分析及EEM光谱归一化处理。采用配备drEEM工具箱的MATLAB软件和LabVIEW进行数据处理与控制。
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Monochromator
CM 110
Spectral Products
Selects narrow excitation bands from the light source for controlled fluorescence excitation
暂无现货
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Quartz glass window
#45-310. TECHSPEC
Edmund Optics
Provides transparent interface between optical components and water sample in the flow-through cell
暂无现货
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Xenon flash lamp
PX-2
Ocean Optics
Broadband light source for fluorescence excitation in the EEMS sensor system
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Reference spectrometer
USB2000+
Ocean Optics
Measures reference excitation spectrum for quality monitoring of the light source
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Main fluorescence detector
QE-Pro
Ocean Optics
Detects fluorescence emission from water samples in the EEMS sensor system
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Concave mirror
CM127-025-F01
Thorlabs
Enhances fluorescence signal by reflecting excitation light in the flow-through cell
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Planar mirror
PF05-03-F01
Thorlabs
Enhances fluorescence signal by reflecting emission light in the flow-through cell
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Emission optical fiber
QP1000-2-UV-Vis
Ocean Optics
Transmits fluorescence emission from sample cell to main detector
暂无现货
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Laboratory spectrofluorometer
LS55
PerkinElmer
Measures EEM spectra of water samples in the laboratory for reference and PARAFAC analysis
暂无现货
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UV-VIS spectrophotometer
UV-2550PC
Shimadzu
Measures CDOM absorption spectra of filtered water samples
暂无现货
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Turbidity meter
STM/bh
Seapoint Sensors Inc.
Measures turbidity in the water sample as part of the sensor system
暂无现货
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CTD probe
miniCTD
ASD Sensortechnik GmbH
Measures conductivity, temperature, and depth for oceanographic parameters
暂无现货
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Submersible pump
SBE 5M-1
Sea-Bird Scientific
Pumps water through the flow-through cell for sampling in profiling applications
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Filtration element
F20 filter housing
Wolftechnik Filtersysteme
Filters water with a 50-µm nylon screen to remove coarse particles before sampling
暂无现货
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Adhesive
LS2-6140
NuSil Technology
Connects sample cell components and quartz windows, ensuring biogeochemical inertness
暂无现货
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Optical fibers
Custom-made
LOPTEK
Transmit light between components in the EEMS sensor system
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Optical Y-fiber
Not specified
Not specified
Splits light from monochromator to reference spectrometer and sample cell
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FerryBox system
Not specified
4H-JENA engineering
Flow-through sensor system for continuous measurement of oceanographic parameters, including FDOM
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FDOM sensor
Cyclops-7-U
Turner Designs
Measures bulk FDOM fluorescence for comparison with the 'Kallemeter'
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Matrix fluorescence sensor
MatrixFlu-UV
TriOS
Measures FDOM at multiple excitation-emission wavelength pairs for comparison
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