研究目的
回顾近红外荧光引导脑肿瘤手术中二次窗吲哚菁绿(SWIG)的应用发展、作用机制、循证依据、技术方法及实践经验。
研究成果
SWIG是一种应用广泛的技术,可在手术中实现脑肿瘤及残留肿瘤的高灵敏度实时可视化,有望提高切除率和改善手术效果。通过实际操作步骤可优化其效用,未来研究应聚焦于提升特异性并将高灵敏度近红外成像技术整合至常规设备中。
研究不足
由于非肿瘤组织(如炎症、坏死、皮肤、黏膜、硬脑膜)产生的假阳性信号,以及高增益设置、传感器近距离接触、周围近红外信号和积血等因素的干扰,SWIG特异性较低。该技术不具备肿瘤特异性,可能无法区分肿瘤与其他异常组织。此外,要获得最佳灵敏度需配备专用近红外成像系统,而这类设备成本较高。
1:实验设计与方法选择:
本研究回顾了SWIG技术,该技术通过在术前16-30小时静脉注射ICG,利用增强渗透和滞留(EPR)效应实现肿瘤蓄积。术中采用近红外(NIR)成像进行肿瘤实时可视化。
2:样本选择与数据来源:
汇总了涉及多种颅内肿瘤患者(胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤、脊索瘤、颅咽管瘤)的多项研究数据。
3:实验设备与材料清单:
以ICG(吲哚菁绿)为荧光剂,NIR成像系统(如VisionSense Iridium)、配备NIR模块的手术显微镜及标准神经外科设备。
4:实验流程与操作步骤:
患者在术前16-30小时接受ICG输注(5 mg/kg)。术中分别在切开硬脑膜前后、肿瘤暴露期间及切除后进行NIR成像以检测残留荧光,操作包括减少环境光干扰、调整增益设置并保持适当组织距离。
5:数据分析方法:
统计分析包括灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC),对比单纯白光照明下的肿瘤检测效果。
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Indocyanine Green
Used as a near-infrared fluorophore for fluorescence-guided surgery, accumulating in tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention effect for intraoperative visualization.
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VisionSense Iridium
Iridium
VisionSense
A dedicated near-infrared exoscope/endoscope system used for intraoperative near-infrared imaging during fluorescence-guided surgery, providing real-time visualization of ICG fluorescence with high sensitivity and dynamic range.
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Surgical Microscope with NIR Module
Conventional surgical microscopes equipped with add-on near-infrared modules for intraoperative imaging, though noted to be less sensitive for SWIG compared to dedicated systems.
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Neuronavigation System
Used for intraoperative guidance and tumor localization, but can interfere with NIR imaging due to pulsing NIR light from fiducial detection cameras.
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Intraoperative MRI
Provides intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for tumor resection guidance, but noted for high cost, low availability, and high false-positive rates.
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5-Aminolevulinic Acid
5-ALA
An oral prodrug converted to protoporphyrin IX in neoplastic cells, used for fluorescence-guided surgery with visible-light emission, but limited by tissue penetration and auto-fluorescence.
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Fluorescein
A visible-light fluorophore used for angiography and tumor surgery, accumulating in areas of blood-brain-barrier breakdown, but suffers from limited visualization and weak contrast.
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